Staff is not trained to deal with minors.

There are allegations of torture, violence, and ill-treatment. In 2014, the UN Committee against Torture found reports of corporal punishment by prison staff. It also noted “very harsh detention conditions in disciplinary cells”. Prisoners denounced the use of torture during interrogations and arrests. The Committee considered that “torture is and has been systematically practised in Lebanon, particularly in the context of investigations and to obtain confessions”. Allegations of torture reported to the examining magistrate were not investigated. Prisoners claimed that they did not have access to a lawyer during their interrogation. The presence of a lawyer would discourage the commission of acts of torture. Very few prisoners are aware that they can request medical examinations. At Baabda Women’s Prison, medical examinations revealed clear signs of torture, including sexual violence and electric shocks to the feet. In the same report, the Committee noted a “widespread and manifest practice of torture and ill-treatment of suspects in detention, including persons arrested for crimes against State security and other serious offences, as well as foreigners, particularly Syrians and Palestinians, and individuals apprehended in police operations, notably low-income persons arrested for petty crime”.¹ In 2020, the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention of the UN Human Rights Committee found that Hassan Al-Dika was tortured while in the custody of the FSI General Directorate and then again during his two weeks in Roumieh Prison. No investigation into these acts of torture was launched following their report. Mr Al-Dika was refused surgery. He died a month later. In its 2019 report, the CLDH stated that torture is still a “common practice” in detention. It is reportedly carried out by members of the FSI.² Human Rights Watch reported cases of arbitrary detention and torture committed against 35 persons, including two minors, in 2021. In March 2021, Amnesty International denounced the use of torture against 26 Syrian prisoners, including four minors, who were suspected of terrorism.

A 2012 study reported that HIV-positive prisoners are subjected to discriminatory prevention measures. They are segregated from other prisoners and have separate access to common areas (bathroom, kitchen, cells). They are not allowed to participate in activities. Their consent is disregarded when implementing these measures.¹

Observers reported that prisoners are transferred to hospitals in the event of an emergency. Since the beginning of the economic crisis, the cost of transferring prisoners has reportedly been covered by the affected prisoner’s relatives. Prisoners may only be hospitalised after 5 p.m., when cells are closed, if permission is granted by a public prosecutor. Whether or not emergency cases can be handled in the evening or at night depends on the aforementioned permission, and “on the prison staff’s goodwill, professionalism and skills in assessing the urgency of the situation”.¹

In 2016, the UN Committee against Torture reported a significant shortage of medication: painkillers, treatments for urological diseases, treatments for high cholesterol, etc. The Committee also noted shortages of medical supplies such as sterile gauze. It highlighted the authorities’ reliance on civil society organisations to make up for these shortcomings.¹
Since 2019, the socio-economic crisis in Lebanon has been causing a shortage of medicines throughout the country, including in prisons. The pharmacy in Roumieh prison is virtually empty. The facility rarely has first aid supplies.

LGBTQI+ persons are not afforded any special protection. Civil society organisations report that they are often abused. They are subjected to violence by fellow prisoners and staff (harassment, rape, sexual assault, and other forms of abuse). They are often deprived of their right of access to a lawyer, notably during interrogations.¹ In a report published in 2013, Human Rights Watch documented multiple incidents of torture and ill-treatment (verbal, physical, sexual, humiliation) committed by members of the Internal Security Forces. In addition to obtaining confessions, physical violence is also used as a disciplinary measure. Until 2020, LGBTQI+ HIV-positive people had been receiving antiretroviral treatment as part of a national programme.² However, the programme has since run into difficulties: its premises were destroyed in the explosion at the port of Beirut. Since then, the NGO Proud Lebanon has taken over and has ensured that all prisoners have access to their medication.

In 2016, the UN Committee against Torture found that the medical services in Lebanese prisons and detention facilities did not meet the standards set out in the prison regulations. There is a lack of general practitioners, specialists (psychologists, psychiatrists, dentists), and medication for prisoners. Medical visits are infrequent, and the medical services do not meet all the prisoners’ needs.
The Committee stated that the team responsible for medical care includes:

• a doctor, stationed in prison thrice a week and responsible for treating both prisoners and members of the Internal Security Forces (FSI);
• a surgeon, available once a week;
• an ENT specialist, available once a week;
• a dentist, available once a week, and who only offers a “tooth-pulling” service.

The Committee has expressed concern about the lack of specialist doctors. Procedures for accessing consultations are slow, even when there is a medical emergency. Consultations with psychiatrists are not held on a regular basis. Civil society organisations are working to compensate for these shortages. Prisons under the Ministry of Defence are said to have better medical services. Prisoners receive a medical examination upon entry to prison and a visit from a psychiatrist twice a week if required. A dermatologist is reportedly present throughout the week. In cases of emergency, necessary medication and treatment would be provided.[^defense].

HIV testing is often mandatory upon arrival in prison. The methods used do not follow the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations. The WHO recommends systematic screening of prisoners with their informed consent and a sharing of results.
A 2012 study on Lebanon found that HIV testing and the subsequent reporting of results by prison doctors is fairly widespread and effective. However, confidentiality is not respected.
Little information on HIV/AIDS is provided to prisoners. No psychological support is available. Isolation and increased stigma, combined with imprisonment, have an adverse effect on the mental and social well-being of people living with HIV/AIDS. Their freedom of movement and contact with other prisoners, family, and friends is restricted.¹ They are held in the so-called “blue building” in Roumieh which is reserved for people with mental health problems.
The authorities provide HIV/AIDS treatment for Lebanese prisoners. Foreign prisoners, who are not covered by the Lebanese health system, do not receive such treatment. Instead, they rely on the assistance of third-party organisations (UN agencies, International Committee of the Red Cross) for treatment.

Roumieh Prison is the only facility with a specific unit for people with psychiatric disorders, known as the “blue building”. This unit was set up in 2002 on the initiative of the family of a prisoner who suffered from mental disorders.¹ The blue building is considered more modern than the prison’s other premises. Hygiene conditions are better, and doors are kept open. Prisoners with HIV/AIDS are also housed there.
A doctor visits the prisoners in this building once every two months. Every year, a judge is required to send a psychiatrist to assess the prisoners’ health and “estimate their recovery”. The building was considered to be inadequately equipped and unsuitable for the care of mentally ill prisoners.² In 2016, it was renovated thanks to donations from an Italian cooperative and UNODC.
Prisoners with mental health problems not acknowledged by a judge are not subject to specific placement.

In 2016, Dany Khalaf, a psychiatrist at the Association Justice and Mercy (Association Justice et Miséricorde, AJEM), summed up the situation: “I am the only psychiatrist here in Roumieh where 300 out of 3,500 prisoners suffer from mental disorders. Every week, I visit a different prison unit. Roumieh is nowhere near the worst case. In other prisons in the country, there is no specialised psychiatric department […] At the moment, a judge is supposed to appoint a psychiatrist who should visit the prisoners annually to assess whether ‘they are cured yet’. But mental illnesses cannot be cured. [They can be stabilised] with medication. Unfortunately, some judges refuse to appoint a specialist and have backward views on mental illness.”